O Brasil no cenário da regulamentação do mercado de carbono: desafios e oportunidades para o desenvolvimento sustentável

Abstract

The carbon market has been a topic discussed in academic, business, and social spheres, due to its importance in achieving global goals aimed at protecting the planet and ensuring that people enjoy a life with environmental quality and prosperity. Consequently, the study's general objective is to analyze carbon market regulations and their main effects on economic and environmental sustainability. The methodology used was based on bibliographic and documentary research, grounded in current documents on the subject, addressing concepts of sustainability, the functioning of the carbon market on a global scale, current legislation, government contributions to the formulation of climate policies, and Brazil's strategic role in this context. The study is qualitative and descriptive in nature, and the content analysis reveals as results that, although instruments such as the National System for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (SINARE) and the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (SBCE) have required advances through technological innovations, challenges persist—particularly the exclusion of key sectors such as agribusiness, and the difficulties in harmonizing with international markets. It is concluded that the use of regulatory potential and the consolidation of Brazil as a relevant actor in the realm of sustainability and innovation depend on overcoming political and structural barriers, the integration of all economic sectors, and the alignment of regulatory practices with international standards.