Educação permanente em ergonomia e práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde aplicadas ao manejo de dor crônica entre trabalhadores(as) rurais

Abstract

Objective: To validate two educational materials developed to raise awareness among rural Primary Health Care professionals regarding the use of Integrative and Complementary Health Practices in the complementary management of chronic pain in rural workers, as well as to train them to promote preventive ergonomic guidance related to rural labor. Methodology: The study was conducted in a rural Primary Health Care Unit from Minas Gerais, Brazil. The themes of the two materials were: (1) ergonomics in rural work and (2) the use of auriculotherapy and geotherapy in rural communities. These products were based on a scientific literature review. The materials were structured using short explanatory texts, illustrations, and videos accessible through QR codes. The validation of each product was carried out separately by judges selected through snowball sampling, using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire comprising items related to the domains “Content,” “Language,” “Illustrations,” “Videos,” “Layout and appearance,” “Organization,” and “Relevance and practical applicability,” with responses measured on a five-point Likert scale. The Content Validity Index was calculated (minimum acceptable value of 0.78). The instrument’s reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and consensus among specialists was assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W), associated with the chi-square test, considering p-values <0.05 as significant. Additionally, higher education health professionals working at the Primary Health Care Unit evaluated aspects related to the appearance, adopting a minimum agreement rate of 75.0% for validation. At the end of the study, a short training course (8 hours) was conducted. Results: The educational material focused on ergonomics in rural work achieved an overall Content Validity Index of 0.97, demonstrating a high level of agreement among the judges regarding the evaluated items. The instrument used showed very high reliability (α=0.95), while the consensus among specialists was considered substantial (W=0.80; p<0.001). The educational material on auriculotherapy and geotherapy obtained an overall Content Validity Index of 1.0, indicating unanimous agreement among specialists regarding the relevance and quality of the material. For this material, the questionnaire also demonstrated very high reliability (α=0.96), associated with substantial agreement among evaluators (W=0.78; p<0.001). In both materials, 100.0% agreement was observed among health professionals regarding appearance-related aspects. Participants highlighted the accessibility of the language, the didactic organization of the content, the visual quality of the illustrations, and the practical applicability of the developed educational technologies. The educational videos produced by the research team were considered scientifically appropriate and capable of facilitating the understanding of auriculotherapy and geotherapy techniques. Final considerations: The developed technical-technological products were validated based on methodological robustness, high reliability, and strong consensus among specialists.