O cotidiano de familiares de pessoas dependentes de substâncias psicoativas no contexto da atenção primária à saúde

Abstract

The dependence of Psychoactive Substances is configured in the current scenario as a serious problem of world public health, with burdens for the individual, family and society. In this perspective, the family role in the recovery of the sick member is indissociable. To the detriment of the biopsychosocioespiritual concussion that affects the family, the disinformation and the lack of preparation to face daily situations, the family becomes codependent and a potential patient, developing diseases that interfere in their dimensions of life. And faced with this daily life that often permeates suffering, family sickness occurs gradually. In this context, the door of entry for the health service that should welcome this family and this individual is the primary care service, perceived with many challenges in face of this problem. This research aims to understand the daily life of relatives of people dependent on psychoactive substances in the context of primary health care. A descriptive qualitative study, with a phenomenological approach, based on the methodological framework of Michel Maffesoli, aiming at the approximation with the proposed object. The data collection took place between February and July of 2018, through private and semi-structured interviews, with eight women participants and had as scenario a basic health unit guided by the family health strategy. The conclusion of the interview collection was due to the increase in the data pertinent to the research objective. The analysis of data occurred respecting the steps of the method proposed by Maffesoli, in addition to the proposal established by Minayo. As a result, five categories emerged, namely: Feelings related to living with the addict daily; Home: Home sweet home or house arrest ?; The pain in the soul: From emotional exhaustion to depression; God as sole help; Basic care professionals: fit or unfit for the everyday life of the codependent relative of psychoactive substances ?. This research reveals the daily life of family members who live with an addict family member burdened with much suffering and a range of feelings, in which they enter into an emotional pathology of codependency, with a serious outcome for suicidal ideation, with the domicile sphere as the main negative scenario. The divine figure and faith are the only source of hope and possibility for improvement. It revealed the challenges faced by basic care in face of this problem, which proved to be deficient and limited in solving and serving these clients. The users' longing for a solidary and humanized welcome was evidenced. The understanding of the research contributes to create possibilities, tools and actions that aim at the family empowerment in the daily life lived, in order to mitigate the impacts generated by the addiction, to highlight the important role of a basic attention with proactive and empathic professionals, suitable for the management clinical and personal, that present effective, resolutive and effective responses in the face of addiction in the territory. In addition, to draw the attention of various social sectors and the government to the creation of public health and social policies aimed exclusively at the family aiming at their autonomy and helping in the decision making of this problem. The research contributes with the scientific literature and calls for more studies to be carried out in different contexts with a focus on the codependent family of psychoactive substances.