A influência da manipulação da recuperação nas respostas fisiológicas e perceptuais em treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade

Abstract

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a more efficient methodology for improving the maximal aerobic power of long distance runners in Athletics. In HIIT, the recovery mode can be decisive for the intensity of the stimuli to remain high throughout the session. Therefore, this study aimed at comparing the manipulation recovery on performance, on physiological and subjective perception of effort at HIIT, in trained long distance runners. Nineteen subjects, 14 men (31.92 ± 8.12 years old) and five women (29.8 ± 6.94 years old). The volunteers underwent a maximum progressive test and three experimental protocols. In these experimental protocols six stimuli were applied for three minutes (90% v 2max), with distinction in mode and time of recovery executed: passive long recovery (90 s); active recovery (90 s; 50% v 2max) and passive short recovery (60 s). Oxygen consumption was measured in all tests, using a portable gas analyzer (Cosmed® Model K4b2 , Rome, Italy). Data were reported as mean ± deviation from the standard and statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. In relation to performance of the athletes in protocols, in the active recovery mode, the 2nd, 3rd and 6th stimuli produce lower speed than in the passive long recovery (p= 0.005). In passive short recovery, the speed was lower than in passive long recovery only on the 5th stimuli (p= 0.03). Within the scope of physiological responses, absolut exercise time above or equal the 90% 2max (red zone) accomplished was observed to be higher in the active recovery protocol in relation to the passive long recovery protocol (p= 0.001). On the other hand the short passive recovery protocol produces higher relative time in the red zone than the active (p= 0.017) and long passive recovery protocols (p= 0. 001). The oxygen consumption measured in the last 90 s of stimulus was higher in the short passive recovery mode than in the long passive mode on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th stimuli (p= 0.001). The oxygen consumption analysis in the last 30 s of the recovery demonstrated higher values in short and active passive modes than in the long passive recovery (p= 0.001). Ventilatory responses, CO2 production and ventilation ( E), presented higher values in short passive ( CO2 p= 0.008; E p= 0.004) and active ( CO2 p= 0.012; VE p= 0.002) recovery protocols than in the long passive recovery protocol during the stimuli. The respiratory rate, however, was higher in the active recovery mode than in the long passive recovery on the 3rd, 4th and 5th stimuli (p= 0.015). The subjective perception of effort was lower in long passive recovery, compared to short passive recovery, only on the (6th stimulus) (p= 0.014). The active and passive short protocols presented lower values of subjective perception of recovery, in relation to the long passive (4th e 5th recovery) (p= 0.012 and p= 0.09). In addition, subjective perception of the session and the training load in the long passive recovery protocol was lower in relation to the active recovery protocol (p= 0.006) and short passive (p= 0.001 and p= 0.021). In conclusion, the short passive recovery protocol produces higher cost benefit than other protocols to promote the adaptations of the HIIT. In this mode of recovery, the time in the red zone is higher than other protocols, generating greater physiological and psychological stress, however, without compromising the quality of the session. The active protocol also provided high time in the red zone, but, in this the speed of the stimuli was not maintained.