Diversidade bacteriana intestinal e parâmetros nutricionais de indivíduos obesos, com sobrepeso e eutróficos

Abstract

Nowadays obesity is considered a pandemic, affecting people of all ages, gender and ethnicity. It is a chronic disease that leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, with multifactorial cause, associated with metabolic complications with high morbimortality which generates high costs to the health care system. There is a great importance related to the gut microbiota and its functional development. Recent studies have associated gut microbiota to obesity development and maintenance, involving different mechanisms. This study objective was to evaluate the bacterial diversity in gut ecosystem between obese, overweight and eutrophic people, besides correlating microbial profile and nutricional-biochemical profile in each patient. 72 patients have been evaluated and classified as eutrophic (n=24), overweight (n=24) or obese (n=24) according to BMI. Anthropometric measurements, socio-demographic and nutricional evaluation have been carried out. . From these 72 patients 63% are female and 36,1% male, with a mean age of 39,61 years, representative of adults individuals. The density of different bacterial groups has been evaluated using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Fingerprint Analyze have been made with PCR- Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) using initiators to the domain Bacteria. Though the results from FISH showed that the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes is greater in obeses than eutrophics, they showed a reduced relative density in obese. The overweights gut microbiota is still at the process of transition to meet obese people’s microbiota. PCR-DGGE Analysis showed more similarity of Human Gut Microbiota(HGM) between the groups with overweight and obese, and who is in the same group tends to group together next to, even on different clusters. Correlation analysis (spearman) between bacterial groups and Anthropometric-Biochemical from these individuals showed a moderate negative correlation between total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and some bacterial groups, but this correlation was just realized in eutrophic group, suggesting the HGM behas in a different way according to intestinal environment. Correlation analysis (odds ratio) between ratio Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes changed (ratio>1), with the BMI index (>25), glucose (>100 mg/dL) and serum cholesterol (>200 mg/dL) showed a positive correlation suggesting that these factors, which are related with the obese process, can affect the composition of Human Gut Microbiota, increasing positively Firmicutis.