A questão do tempo na fenomenologia da vida religiosa de Martin Heidegger

Abstract

This work aims to address the issue of time especially in the course “Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion” of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976). The purpose is to understand what is the time in this course and in what extent it influences the thinking of this philosopher, as well what he meant by religion. To do this, this text starts with the methodological itinerary present in the lecture. Starting with the factual life, from which philosophy originates and to which it is addressed, it needs a mean of access. This mean is given by the formal indications, characterized by being a mean that indicates the dynamics of the facticity without stiffen it in objectifying theoretical concepts. The historicists currents are criticized by the philosopher by treating historical phenomena, including religion, placing them as a external subject to the object to be accessed. By showing the limits of historicism, the way that Heidegger thinks the history is postulated as something that constitutes us. From this position, the Pauline epistles are analyzed and, in short, the parousia while coming of the already manifest Messiah is thought in the same way as the Christian posture while being mindful and living from the perspective of the uncertainity that will come as a thief is emphasized. Religion, thus, becomes originally regarded as historical in the sense of that one which lives the horizon of temporality that is not reducible of vulgar formulations.