Fitossociologia de pequenas ilhas florestais em Juiz de Fora: suporte à definição de espécies arbóreas para a restauração

Abstract

The objective of the study was to propose priority species for forest restoration in the municipality of Juiz de Fora based on the phytosociological knowledge of areas of natural regeneration formed by isolated trees or islands of vegetation. The sampling method used to bring quantitative or phytosociological information corresponds to the forest census, totaling 4230 living tree individuals and 99 standing dead trees (CAP ≥ 15.7 cm), belonging to 216 species, 42 families and 104 genera. Piptadenia gonoacantha, Anadenanthera peregrina, Myrsine coriacea, Myrcia splendens, Machaerium stipitatum are the five species with the highest VI, while Fabaceae (32), Myrtaceae (29), Asteraceae (9), Melastomataceae (8), Bignoniaceae (7) are the families with greater species richness. The Shannon diversity index (H') recorded at (H' = 4.13), including endangered species (Araucaria angustifolia, Apuleia leiocarpa, Dalbergia nigra, Euterpe edulis, Xylopia brasiliensis), at national level. The Pielou equability index (J' = 0.77) shows low ecological dominance and high floristic heterogeneity of the community, compared to forest fragments in the city. These results bring pioneering data for the municipality of Juiz de Fora about the vegetational structure of phytophysiognomies classified as isolated trees and islands of vegetation. The study brings fundamental contributions to the proposition of species that are overcoming environmental filters in more severe conditions of adaptation and, in addition, have important ecological characteristics that are fundamental to the success of restoration. New policies are needed for the conservation of these environments in view of the demands for environmental licensing, considering the environment as resilient and capable of forming important forest corridors between urban fragments, mainly because they are adjacent to larger forest fragments.