Instrumentação endodôntica motorizada: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Endodontic treatment encompasses root canal preparation as an essential step for its success. In it, the removal of infected pulp and dentin and the proper conformation of the root canal system are performed. In order to improve the root canal preparation process, motorized instrumentation systems have been developed and improved over time. It is important for dental surgeons to be able to identify the differences found in these systems in order to assist in their clinical conduct. A bibliographic review was carried out bringing together the systems, files and engines most used today, exposing some of their most relevant characteristics, with the objective of introducing the complicated dentist in this subject and with that, helping in the choice of which mechanized instrumentation system he will use. Scientific articles published between the years 2010 and 2022 on the subject were accessed in the Pubmed and Portal de Periódicos CAPES databases. The types of materials and designs used in endodontic files are varied, and these differences determine the properties of file systems. The mechanical properties can be influenced by the size, taper, cross-section dimension and alloy composition of the instrument, in addition to the type of root canal anatomy encountered. Advances in flexibility and resistance to cyclic fatigue are perceptible, leaving no risk of instrument fracture.