Avaliação da conduta de cirurgiões-dentistas frente a lesões em mucosa e/ou associadas a dentes e envio para análise histopatológica

Abstract

Biopsy associated with histopathological examination is an important tool for establishing the final diagnosis of lesions affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with biopsy performed by dentists, the disposal of oral lesions, or referral for histopathological analysis. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to collect data among 254 dentists from the macro eastern region of Minas Gerais, who answered a questionnaire, applied through Google Forms, with questions related to the conduct of mucosal lesions and those associated with teeth, as well as sociodemographic data. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using the JAMOVI software, with a value of 0.05 considered significant. The results showed that the mean age of the participants was 32.1 years (±10.4), with a mean time of formation of 8.4 years (±9.72). Of the total number of participants, 69.3% were female and 30.7% were male. Regarding education, 41.7% had only an undergraduate degree in dentistry, while 46.1% had a latu sensu graduate degree. Nine participants (3.5%) had stricto sensu post-graduation, such as master's and doctoral degrees. Regarding the place of professional activity, the majority (66.1%) worked in the private network, 14.6% in the public network and 19.3% declared to work in both the public and private health networks. The most common specialty among the participants was that of general practitioners, representing 51.5% of the interviewees. Other specialties included endodontics (10.5%), orthodontics (9.0%), and dental prosthesis (7.5%). Was identified that the discard of lesions associated with teeth occurs based on radiological and clinical analysis. Regarding the analyses of the association between the conduct of performing biopsies in clinical practice, it was observed that access to an oral pathology laboratory (χ² (2) = 15.0; p <0.001; Cramer's V = 0.243) and access to anatomopathological reports (χ² (2) = 6.29; p = 0.043; Cramer's V = 0.157) during training favors the performance of biopsies by the professional. While, for the variables access to teachers specialized in stomatology (χ² (2) = 0.620; p = 0.733; Fischer's exact test: p = 0.698), access to specialists in oral pathology (χ² (2) = 2.97; p = 0.227) in training and access to anatomopathological reports in the workplace (χ² (2) = 4.27; p = 0.118) showed no significant association with the conduct of performing biopsies in clinical practice. R binomial logistic regression between the conduct of performing biopsies in clinical practice, only the variable performance of biopsies at graduation acts as a predictor (R2 Nagel Kurke = 0.0636; χ² (1) = 10.9; p <0.001) with an explained variance of 6.36% and odds ratio of 2.72 (95% CI 1.48 - 5.0). It was concluded that although biopsy is one of the most important tools for the confirmatory diagnosis of oral lesions, many dentists do not perform them in daily clinical practice or, only in suspected cases, refer them for histopathological analysis. The variables access to an oral pathology laboratory and access to anatomopathological reports during training showed a significant association with the conduct of performing biopsies in clinical practice.