Estratégias educativas nas escolhas alimentares e adesão nutricional de pacientes com diabetes mellitus usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde: revisão de escopo

Abstract

This study aimed to map the evidence in the scientific literature regarding the educational strategies carried out by Primary Health Care professionals that influence dietary choices and adherence to nutritional treatment among individuals with diabetes mellitus. It is a scoping review, in which an electronic search was conducted in the MedLine databases via PubMed, INAHL, FSTA/EBSCO, CINAHL, Scopus, Science Direct, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cochrane Library, and grey literature in November 2023. The process was guided by the methodology proposed by JBI and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, conducted by two reviewers independently, with the assistance of the Rayyan® reference manager. 952 titles were identified, and after excluding 93 duplicate articles and 680 that did not meet the predetermined inclusion criteria, 63 studies remained eligible for full-text reading. Subsequently, 49 articles were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria, leaving thirteen studies published between 2002 and 2023 for inclusion in this review. The information was grouped with a qualitative outcome. It was concluded that educational strategies to assist in dietary choices and adherence to nutritional treatment will contribute to the knowledge, self-management, and skills necessary for diabetes control. Among the strategies, significant results were highlighted from interventions coordinated by nutritionists, which can be conducted in groups, using educational materials, worked on during sessions, and may be associated with individual counseling and/or group follow-up for determined periods.