Mercado aéreo brasileiro: análise de paralelismo de preços das passagens na Ponte Aérea Rio de Janeiro/São Paulo

Abstract

This dissertation presents the context of oligopolistic markets with regard to behavioral practices that are violating free competition, however, due to the conditions of the nature of the market, there are difficulties in confirming whether such practices are, in fact, cartels (anticompetitive practice) or price parallels (oligopolistic interdependence). In this sense, the main objective of the work is to identify the existence of price parallelism based on the behavior of a segment of the Brazilian airline market. To this end, the methodology presented presents models in order to verify the performance of price fixing, which are proposed by Macleod, Rotemberg and Saloner and Normann. In addition to these models, there was a need to apply alternative long- and short-term price-setting monitoring models carried out through cointegration and causality. In this regard, it was verified the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the prices of student air fares, which are Avianca, GOL and TAM, on the Rio de Janeiro/São Paulo Ponte Aérea route, between March 2008 and December 2017; as well as causality, reducing GOL's leadership, so that TAM and Avianca would be followed. Finally, it is concluded that it is possible to indicate a long-term stable relationship and companies possibly involved in anti-competitive collusion, in addition to being able to verify the existence of leadership and indicate it.