Efetividade da amamentação e do Buzzy® na redução da dor durante vacinação infantil: ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

Vaccination is a preventive and necessary public health intervention, however, the pain related to this procedure is considered a stressor for the child, which can destabilize their system, be a determining factor for vaccine hesitancy and affect their growth and development. Non-pharmacological interventions make it possible to reduce pain during invasive procedures in children and babies, such as breastfeeding and the use of cryotherapy associated with vibration. However, when it comes to pain management in this population, there is a gap between scientific knowledge and clinical practice. To evaluate the effectiveness of Breastfeeding and Buzzy® as strategies for managing pain during the application of the pentavalent vaccine. Research designed with a quantitative approach, of the randomized clinical trial type, carried out in a vaccine sector of a secondary health institution, in a city in Minas Gerais. Infants aged 2 to 12 months who received the pentavalent vaccine participated in the research. Data collection took place between May and November 2023, through the random allocation of participants into four groups, namely: Control Group (vaccinated in the institutional routine); Experimental Group 1 (breastfeeding during vaccination); Experimental Group 2 (use of Buzzy®); Experimental Group 3 (association of breastfeeding and Buzzy®). During vaccination, pain was assessed in infants with and without the use of non-pharmacological interventions, after randomization. The pain score was measured before and immediately after vaccination, using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale and also by physiological factors: heart rate and oxygen saturation, measured by oximeter, and evaluation of crying time, color of the skin during crying and reflexes presented. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS statistical program, version 23.0, with descriptive and inferential statistics. From the comparison of the scores (NIPS; crying time, HR, SpO2), evaluated in the participating infants, it was found that the chance of pain occurring was greater when compared to infants who did not receive any intervention (O.R. 5.362), followed by infants who used only Buzzy® (O.R. 2.437) or only breastfeeding (O.R. 1.632). The greatest effectiveness was the intervention combining “breastfeeding and Buzzy®”. The need to implement interventions in clinical practice is demonstrated in order to minimize pain, anxiety and stress in infants, prevent impact on child development and improve coping with later painful experiences, in addition to helping to increase vaccination coverage.