Efeitos da suplementação de óleo de peixe na inflamação subclínica e resistência insulínica em indivíduos com excesso de peso resistentes à insulina

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease of great public health importance due to its high incidence and mortality rates. The disease is characterized by the inability to maintain glycemic levels even in the presence of sufficient insulin. The state of subclinical inflammation observed in overweight individuals is one of the most accepted mechanisms linking obesity and insulin resistance (IR), making it an important therapeutic intervention pathway in T2D. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to the treatment of chronic and metabolic diseases. Omega-3 supplementation may help reduce subclinical inflammation and consequently improve insulin sensitivity in T2D. However, its effects need to be better clarified. Objective: Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of omega3-rich fish oil supplementation on markers of subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals. Methods: The study evaluated the supplementation of 4g of fish oil (2.4g/day of omega-3) compared to 4g of soybean oil in 24 individuals (equally divided between groups) over 8 weeks. Adults with overweight and insulin resistance were recruited. The impact of supplementation on inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IFNy) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10 and IL4); on IR (Glucose; insulin; HbA1C; HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β); lipid profile; and lipid peroxidation was assessed. Results: All 24 individuals completed the entire study protocol. Omega-3 supplementation led to a reduction in IFNy levels after 8 weeks and compared to the control group. A strong, positive (rs2=0.748) and significant (p=0.005) linear correlation was observed between erythrocyte concentration and IL10 after 8 weeks of supplementation. No changes were observed in the other markers of subclinical inflammation, IR, lipid profile, and lipid peroxidation analyzed. Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation reduced markers of subclinical inflammation without altering IR in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals. More studies are needed to evaluate its effects on different metabolic alterations, particularly those related to T2D.