De escravo à superfluo: um estudo sobre o lugar do negro no mercado de trabalho brasileiro atual

Abstract

This dissertation aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the relationship between race and superfluities in Brazil. We start from the understanding that the origins of capitalism in Brazil are associated with the movement of original accumulation that began with the “discovery” of the territories now known as the Americas and with the process of enslavement. We understand that an inseparable link was created between racism, racial division of labor, slavery and the genesis of global capitalism. The racist stigmas created during the slavery period constituted part of the fundamental basis of the system and remain in the reality of black subjects to this day. The central objective of the research is to analyze the relationship between superfluous people and the black population in Brazil, contextualizing the institution of free labor in the country in the post-abolition period, highlighting the formation of superfluous people and their connection with the racial issue. To this end, a bibliographical research is proposed based on authors who discuss primitive accumulation, enslavement, development and the emergence of capitalism as a world system such as Marx and Williams. In order to carry out the discussion on the place of black people in the social structure of a country that has its genesis as slaves, we rely on the theoretical contribution of authors such as Gonzales, Kowarick, Moura and Prado Jr. And beyond, aiming to investigate the superfluous Brazil and its relationship with the black population, it is proposed to carry out an analysis based on government databases (IBGE/PNAD) on the population of active/working age, unemployed, inactive and race; in order to cross-reference this data and evaluate whether the hypothesis that a significant portion of these subjects inserted as superfluous are black is confirmed. Therefore, based on the bibliographical review carried out both by the previously mentioned authors and the material collected in the data analysis, the objective was to carry out a critical and more in-depth reflection on the historicity of the role that the black population plays within capitalist society, How is/what space does a society of slave origins relegate to this population and how within the Brazilian scenario these aspects generate repercussions today.