Impactos da implantação de um sistema simplificado de tratamento de água em área rural: estudo de caso em escola de Monte Verde, Juiz de Fora

Abstract

Water is a vital resource for human survival and public health, playing a fundamental role in the development and well-being of communities. However, the quality of water consumed can be compromised in rural areas due to the lack of adequate infrastructure for water collection, treatment, and distribution. In these conditions, the presence of contaminants and pathogens in the water can pose serious health risks to the population, leading to waterborne diseases and other public health issues. Given this scenario, the implementation of efficient and accessible water treatment systems becomes a priority to ensure access to safe drinking water in rural communities. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the post-installation impacts of a simplified water treatment system in a school in the rural area of Monte Verde, Juiz de Fora. The methodology adopted was a qualitative approach, with the purpose of deeply exploring the experiences of the participants and their perceptions regarding the implementation of the water treatment system. The technique used was semi-structured interviews, which combined pre-prepared questions with the flexibility to explore new topics that might arise spontaneously during the conversation. The results indicated that the implementation of the water treatment system had positive impacts in various areas. The maintenance of the system, carried out by the community itself, has proven to be effective in essential activities such as regular filter cleaning and chlorine application, although there is still a need for specialized technical support to ensure the continued proper functioning of the system. The acceptance of chlorine, which initially faced resistance from users, is gradually being incorporated into the school routine, with children adapting to the use of treated water. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in complaints about water-related illnesses and a decrease in school absences, reflecting a considerable improvement in the quality of life for the users.