Modelagem de rotas tecnológicas potenciais para o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos no município do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

With the growth of the urban population and changes in consumption habits, the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become one of the greatest challenges for municipal public administration. With the approval of Law no. 12.305/10 (currently regulated by Decree 10.936/2022), which establishes the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), new concepts are created and a new challenge arises for MSW management by municipalities, demanding the adoption of technological routes that promote the recovery and use of materials (recycling, composting and incineration with energy generation), diverting them from landfills and, consequently, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The current national scenario, characterized by an average material recovery rate of 1.9%, demonstrates the degree of difficulty in MSW recovery, as exemplified by the significant volume that still goes to final disposal without prior processing. In this context, this study aims to model technological routes for the use of MSW in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, using a decision support tool called "Technological Routes and Costs for MSW Management", version 1.01, from the Cooperation Program for Climate Protection in Solid Waste Management - ProteGEEr. The study methodology consisted of exploratory bibliographic research through the prospection of data from specialized literature, scientific publications and official data from the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro (MRJ) and the Municipal Urban Cleaning Company of Rio de Janeiro (COMLURB). Based on the data, it was possible to elaborate a diagnosis of the current context of MSW generation in MRJ, supporting the feeding of the ProteGEEr Tool and the definition of modeling according to the Base Scenario (2024) and Future (2032 and 2040), including Control Scenarios for comparative purposes. As a result, quantitative data were obtained on the total MSW diverted by the different technological routes, in a particularized way according to the different Planning Areas of MRJ. Through modeling, it was also possible to obtain potential data on electricity generation in the thermal treatment technological route and the total avoided GHG emissions, as a consequence of the use of materials and their diversion from the Seropédica Sanitary Landfill. In view of the results, it appears that the ProteGEEr tool is an instrument of significant value to support the planning of MSW management in municipalities, providing central elements for the planning of technological routes and the consequent achievement of national targets for the recovery and use of materials.