Uma abordagem didática envolvendo ideias e conceitos probabilísticos no 6° ano do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The present study involves investigating the teaching and learning process of ideas and notions of Probability, as well as discussing ways to enhance this process in the Final Years of Basic Education, specifically in the 6th grade of Elementary School. The research adopts a qualitative approach, employing the Didactical Engineering methodology in conjunction with the Theory of Didactical Situations. The experimentation was conducted in a public school, which is also the workplace of the researcher as a lead teacher. A sequence of activities was applied to a 6thgrade class, and data were collected to study and analyze how the teaching and learning process of probabilistic concepts and ideas unfolded. The Theory of Didactical Situations served as the methodological framework for the experimentation. Additionally, the results were analyzed through the lens of Probabilistic Literacy. Within this context, two educational products were developed: one from a teaching perspective, which is a methodological proposal for analyzing textbooks, and another from a learning perspective, which is an online quiz, a learning object. Based on the teaching perspective analyses, it was found that the methodological proposal presented in this work can enable teachers to evaluate how the content of interest is addressed in textbooks approved by the PNLD (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) and assist them in making informed choices. From the learning perspective, it was observed that the use of the online quiz can promote student learning, as well as tasks that stimulate the exercise of probabilistic literacy. This conclusion was supported by identifying the five elements of the Probabilistic Literacy construct in the justifications given by students for their answers.