Aproveitamento de águas pluviais nas capitais da região Norte do Brasil: estudo de viabilidade técnica

Abstract

The use of rainwater stands out as a sustainable and necessary strategy for the efficient management of water resources in the Brazilian urban context. In view of the challenges imposed by the increasing demand for water and the need for sustainable solutions for urban supply, the following question arises: is it technically feasible to implement rainwater harvesting systems in the capitals of the Northern region of Brazil? This study aims to assess the technical feasibility of implementing a rainwater harvesting system for a standard residence in the capitals of the Northern region of Brazil. Using the monthly Simulation Method proposed by NBR 15527/2019 and historical rainfall data from 1963 to 2023, it was possible to estimate the system's performance based on a fixed demand of 14 m³ per month and a 5 m³ reservoir. The analysis included the construction of precipitation permanence curves, calculation of the volume of water harvested, estimation of the financial savings generated from local water and sewage tariffs, and a comparative classification among the capitals. The results indicate that the system is technically viable, with savings rates exceeding 90% in cities such as Belém (PA) and Manaus (AM), even with a small reservoir. Furthermore, a significant financial impact was observed, especially in municipalities with high tariffs. The analysis also considered social, educational, and public policy aspects, highlighting the importance of incentives and awareness for the adoption of the system. It is concluded that rainwater harvesting represents a sustainable, replicable, and efficient strategy in the urban context of the Northern region of Brazil.