O mal como para-hipóstase na obra de Malorum Subsistentia de Proclo Lício

Abstract

The problem of evil is an eternal philosophical problem. Object of great questions for several thinkers, including the Neoplatonist Proclus, who continued Neoplatonism, especially Plotinus. This evil results in human suffering in the most varied areas of its existence, whether psychic, social or physical, being of great importance for Metaphysics and Morality, since, despite the ontological fragility of human beings, they have a constant need for judgment. The existence of evil is approached by several authors as a basis for denying the existence of God, or at least, of a God associated with the concept of Good. However, based on the concept of free will, in line with the ideas of Proclus, it will be demonstrated that the fact that evil is a nonexistence preserves the goodness of God as creator and architect of Good, both which does not condition creatures to their perfect will, but even allows them to claim evil in their own existence, using it as a means of leading them back to a path of developing their potential. The problem of evil and its various questions such as existence, origin, nature and purpose will be addressed, based on the work De Malorum Subsistentia by Proclus, as well as others that make reference to the same author, still little explored by Philosophy scholars, which will enable greater reflection and reach of tranquility and emotional intelligence, consequently, possible greater mental, emotional, physical and social well-being.