Uma análise empírica da estrutura do Saneamento Básico no Brasil

Abstract

This study analyzed the relationship between basic sanitation, public health, and socioeconomic development in brazil, with an emphasis on inequalities in access to essential services. Through a literature review and analysis of primary data from the 2000, 2010, and 2022 demographic census conducted by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), and secondary data from the Sistema Nacional de Informações Sobre Saneamento (SNIS), regional and social disparities were identified that hinder the universalization of sanitation. The research shows that the precarious conditions of water supply, sewage systems, and solid waste management directly affect health indicators, leading to increased infant mortality, avoidable hospitalizations, and high costs for the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Furthermore, the data reveal that black, indigenous, low-income populations, and young children are disproportionately affected by the lack of adequate infrastructure. The study also highlights the historical and institutional limitations faced by sanitation policies in the country, as well as the progress and challenges of the Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento (law no. 14.026/2020). It is concluded that basic sanitation should be treated as a priority in public policies, not only for its role in promoting preventive health but also as a strategy to reduce inequalities and as a lever for sustainable development.