Quanto tempo um atleta precisa para se recuperar de uma concussão? Um acompanhamento de 90 dias em lutadores de artes marciais mistas

Abstract

Aims: To analyze the frequency of concussion symptoms in mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes, comparing exposed and non-exposed groups over a 90-day monitoring period, investigating recovery patterns and differences between physical and emotional symptoms. Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study with 48 MMA athletes divided into two groups (Concussion-exposed, n=24, and Control, n=24). All participants completed the Combat Physical and Motivational Symptoms Scale (COMBAT-PMS) at seven time points: immediately, 24h, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days. Symptoms were categorized as physical (n=11) or emotional (n=12). Results: The Concussion group reported significantly higher symptom frequencies at all time points (p < 0.001), with a significant decline over time (coef. = -0.035; 95%CI: -0.048 to -0.022; p < 0.001). Mean symptoms dropped from 8.13 ± 4.60 (immediate) to 1.39 ± 3.14 (90 days). Emotional symptoms were more prevalent (47.8 ± 17.1) than physical ones (22.8 ± 14.3), both showing strong negative correlations with time (r = -0.953 and -0.913, respectively). Conclusion: Substantial differences between groups and evidence a progressive recovery process in the Concussion group. The quantitative distinction showing faster recovery patterns for physical symptoms suggests the need for differentiated protocols, with greater attention to emotional aspects in later phases. The persistence of anxiety as a predominant symptom in later periods indicates a requirement for specific psychological support.