A importância do ensino de biotecnologia na educação básica: explorando as aplicações de vacinas de RNA em uma sequência didática investigativa

Abstract

Biotechnology, particularly in the context of RNA vaccine development, presents significant challenges in educational settings due to the abstract nature of concepts such as DNA, RNA, and genetic manipulation. Furthermore, the current digital environment, characterized by the widespread dissemination of misinformation, underscores the urgent need for students to develop a solid and critical understanding of these topics. In light of this context, it is essential to promote a scientific education that not only provides technical information but also equips students with the skills to identify and challenge misinformation, particularly regarding vaccine safety and efficacy. This study aimed to develop an Investigative Didactic Sequence (IDS) on biotechnology, focusing on the development and application of RNA vaccines to foster critical and reflective thinking among students. The IDS was implemented in six 50-minute sessions, employing an active and inquiry-based approach to address the challenges of teaching biotechnology in a practical and meaningful way. In the first session, the problem was introduced, prompting students to formulate questions and hypotheses, often based on misconceptions about RNA vaccines and their implications. Subsequent sessions involved research activities using reliable sources, critical discussions, and a simulation demonstrating the effectiveness of vaccination in preventing epidemics. The investigative cycle concluded with students producing a reflective text to consolidate their learning. Throughout the activities, students corrected misconceptions, such as the belief that RNA vaccines can alter DNA and gained a deeper understanding of the role of vaccines in controlling infectious diseases. The vaccination coverage simulation proved particularly effective in illustrating the benefits of mass vaccination, highlighting the importance of scientific knowledge in countering misinformation. This approach not only facilitated students' understanding of key biotechnology concepts but also enhanced their ability to critically evaluate the information they encounter, especially in the context of misinformation.