Método para alocação e operação de baterias em sistemas de distribuição

Abstract

The modernization of electric power distribution systems, driven by the increasing deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), such as distributed generation and storage devices, requires new planning and operation strategies. In that context, this dissertation presents the development of a method for allocating and operating batteries in distribution systems, with the aim of optimizing technical and economic aspects, particularly the reduction of electrical losses and energy purchase costs. The proposed methodology comprises the implementation, in Matlab, of a flexible tool capable of varying simulation parameters and employing different optimization techniques to solve the problem. Within the method, time-coupled power flows are executed in quasi-static time series (QSTS) format, via an interface with OpenDSS. The model takes into account technical and operational restrictions, such as battery state of charge limits and prevention of substation reverse power flows or increases in maximum demand, and also allows for analysis under different load curves, tariffs and scenarios with photovoltaic generation. For validation purposes, tests were carried out on IEEE 13, 34 and 123-bus systems, under multiple conditions, comparing optimization methods and storage capacity settings. The results indicate that the use of batteries is promising for minimizing energy acquisition costs, especially in scenarios with hourly tariffs and favorable load profiles, while their isolated potential for reducing grid losses is limited. The developed approach demonstrates versatility for application in technical and economic studies, contributing to the efficient integration of storage systems into distribution networks.