Operação em corrente pulsada e balanceamento adaptativo do estado de carga em sistemas de armazenamento de energia baseados em baterias com conversores integrados conectados à rede elétrica

Abstract

This dissertation contributes to the development of next-generation energy storage systems based on smart batteries. The investigated approach integrates a half-bridge converter into each battery module, enabling pulsed current operation. Two State-of-Charge balancing strategies are analyzed. The first, inspired by existing literature, employs a proportional controller. The second proposes an adaptive controller that dynamically adjusts its gain based on real-time SOC deviation. As an additional contribution, this work explores the interaction between the smart battery pack and the power conversion system in a grid-connected application. The proposed balancing strategies are mathematically modeled and validated through simulations in the PLECS environment and Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) experiments. The study also examines the impact of battery bypass activation on the dc-bus voltage and power processing within the two-stage PCS. The results show that the adaptive strategy reduces the balancing time by approximately four times compared to the proportional control approach. Furthermore, the interaction between the smart batteries and the PCS enables stable regulation of the dc-bus voltage, minimizing fluctuations caused by battery switching and ensuring stability in active power delivery. This characteristic was evidenced through comparison with the traditional CC method, demonstrating that the proposed solution is capable of maintaining the necessary performance to ensure stability and power quality, reinforcing its feasibility for grid-connected applications.