Planejamento da operação de baterias em mercados comunitários de energia elétrica

Abstract

The growth of energy communities and the expansion of distributed generation have reinforced the importance of advanced strategies for the efficient integration of energy resources, particularly battery energy storage systems, combined with photovoltaic generation and collective sharing mechanisms. These technologies, when integrated in a coordinated manner, not only enable better use of locally generated energy but also increase system reliability and the ability to respond to unexpected variations in energy demand and supply. This thesis investigates the operation, strategic planning, and impacts of integrating energy storage systems in energy communities from different perspectives, considering technical, economic, and social aspects. The first part of the research builds the theoretical foundation of consumer-centered markets and the structuring of energy communities, detailing the main concepts and approaches adopted in recent studies. Subsequently, different forms of battery integration are analyzed, including individual systems for each agent, intracommunity shared systems, and intercommunity shared systems, as well as their effects on the economic, technical, and operational performance of the system. The work also examines mechanisms for sharing collective assets, such as community photovoltaic generation systems and shared storage systems, considering different economic approaches, including total-sharing, proportional-sharing, and criteria of social and economic justice, evaluating how such mechanisms influence the distribution of benefits among community members and social cohesion. Finally, the research incorporates deterministic and probabilistic scenarios, evaluating community operation in the face of variations in renewable generation and price fluctuations in energy markets. The results demonstrate how the flexibility provided by batteries and the efficient coordination among agents can significantly improve overall efficiency, promote equity in resource distribution, and strengthen system resilience. Furthermore, the analysis provides concrete inputs for decision-making and the development of public and private policies that encourage the expansion of sustainable energy communities, contributing to a more efficient, fair, and socially inclusive energy transition.