Política habitacional no município de Juiz de Fora - uma análise da regularização fundiária no município de 2020 a 2025

Abstract

As established by the Federal Constitution of 1988, housing is a fundamental right guaranteed to all Brazilian society, and its fulfillment is essential for the realization of other equally protected constitutional principles, such as the right to life, health, and education. Therefore, it represents a significant legal and social achievement. However, as is widely known, access to adequate housing is still not a reality for all individuals within the national territory. In this context, this article aims to discuss the right to housing in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, taking as a starting point one of the main public instruments used in the housing sector: land regularization. To understand its implementation logic, scope, and the profile of its beneficiaries, it is necessary to carry out some initial and essential procedures that allow for an assessment of its impact on the reality of housing policies in the municipality. Thus, the study will first develop a discussion on Brazil’s socio-historical formation, with special attention to the historical process of the first land possession regularizations and the constitution of the country's land structure, which is closely linked to population formation and historical social inequalities. Next, it will address the history of housing policies in Brazil, analyzing their phases and current stage. Finally, the implementation of land regularization in the context of Juiz de Fora will be explored, highlighting its challenges, results, and prospects in the local scenario.To this end, the analysis will be based on documentary and bibliographic research, aiming to understand everyone’s right to access and ownership of land, provided that the social function of property is respected. The right to the city will be emphasized; however, it is necessary to acknowledge that Land Regularization is not limited to guaranteeing collective rights and expanding the socialization of urban spaces. It is also an instrument marked by a political ideology that, while it may contribute to mitigating historically consolidated inequalities, often operates within a logic of social control and the legitimization of the existing land order.