Considerações históricas e epistemológicas a partir do modelo atómico de Bohr

Abstract

Knowledge of the structure of matter is essential for understanding modern chemistry, which includes basic concepts of quantum mechanics, as well as for explaining numerous chemical and physical phenomena. It involves the idea of the discontinuity of matter and atomic structure. On the other hand, according to the literature, there are many difficulties in teaching chemistry in secondary education, which justifies a systematic review of alternative proposals that have been implemented in Latin American school contexts, serving as a backdrop. Since this work is conceived as a contribution to the field of secondary education, it is limited to atomic structure. It focuses on the historical and epistemological review of the Bohr model, considered a milestone in the epistemological and even ontological shift of science at the beginning of the 20th century, as it was the atomic model that marked the beginning of a break with the basic principles of classical science. Revisiting this historical scenario would facilitate the introduction of quantum concepts in secondary education. Finally, some didactic considerations are proposed to achieve this objective.