Análise do consumo de carboidratos e sua relação com a composição corporal de praticantes de exercício físico

Abstract

The diet of those who practice physical exercise requires adequate and individualized nutrition for repair, maintenance, or gain of muscle mass. During these processes, carbohydrates play the role of ensuring ideal blood glucose levels and providing energy. Their consumption in the pre- and post-workout period is responsible for replenishing muscle and liver glycogen reserves and reducing fatigue. This study aims to evaluate carbohydrate consumption and its relationship with the nutritional status of those who practice physical exercise. This is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, and documentary study. It was carried out based on the analysis of medical records of patients treated by the ‘’NutriExperts’’ project until August 2023, at the UFJF-GV Nutrition School Clinic. From a selected sample, the analysis of a pre-consultation questionnaire, anamnesis, 24-hour recall (R24h), food diary (DA), and anthropometry was performed. To assess anthropometric data, data such as BMI, weight, height, skinfolds, and circumferences were analyzed. The estimated energy requirement was calculated using the Cunningham equation (1991) and fat percentage using recommended equations. For statistical analysis, the sample was dichotomized into two groups: LESS (<3.5 g/kg) and MORE CHO (>3.5 g/kg). From the analysis, it was found that 53.3% of the participants had a lower carbohydrate intake. The LESS CHO group practiced only weight training and showed a calorie intake lower than their energy needs (deficit of ~500 kcal), in addition to low dietary fiber intake (inadequate in 28.8%) according to R24h and DA. Anthropometric measurements showed higher average body fat in the LESS CHO group. It was therefore evident in the present study that restricting carbohydrate intake is not always associated with better body composition. Therefore, it is emphasized that continuous nutritional monitoring must be carried out to maintain health and obtain the expected body composition results.