Competitividade internacional da carne bovina brasileira em 2024: uma análise das vantagens comparativas reveladas

Abstract

The international beef market plays an important role in the economies of several countries, highlighting the relevance of Brazilian exports, which contribute to job creation, income generation, and foreign exchange earnings in the national economy. In this context, this work seeks to update the literature on international economics and offer support for the formulation of public and agro-industrial policies aimed at countries that wish to expand their participation in the international market for this product. To this end, an assessment of the Revealed Comparative Advantages of the main beef exporting countries in 2024 was carried out, in addition to investigating the factors that influence the competitiveness and efficiency of the sector. The hypothesis was that Brazil has a revealed comparative advantage in beef exports due to favorable climatic conditions and the availability of natural resources. The results demonstrate that the country does, in fact, have a revealed comparative advantage, favored by factors such as climate and extensive territorial area, which allow a large part of the production to be carried out on pasture. Furthermore, investments in innovation and technologies in agribusiness have acted as important drivers of competitiveness and the expansion of Brazil's participation in the international market. Therefore, it can be concluded that Brazil possesses a comparative advantage revealed in beef exports, which can be explained by its natural endowments that provide production with a relatively low cost and competitiveness in the international market. However, this advantage is related to its poorly diversified export economy, focused on primary products with low added value.