Saberes em movimento: futuros professores de história e seus sentidos de antiguidade

Abstract

Future teachers, during their professionalization process, constantly (re)elaborate their knowledge, which should be considered as teachers' knowledge in development. For the beginning of the Undergraduate course, they bring previous, socially built knowledge that starts to coexist and confront other knowledge, characteristic of their discipline. Understanding how this relationship is effective between different modalities of teacher knowledge represents a challenge that concerns a broad universe of different knowledge areas. The present dissertation addresses this broader issue from a specific approach that incorporates theoretical reflections originating from the field of History Teaching and the own nature of historical knowledge, especially with regard to Ancient History, in order to realize how the understanding of Ancient History, as well as its implications for the understanding of time and historical knowledge changes in the young future teacher during the course of Undergraduate Studies. For these changes to be seen, it was necessary to establish a comparative analysis between the concepts expressed in the speeches of beginners and graduating students. This survey was conducted between 2011 and 2014 with students from the course of History at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The voices of these students were heard through questionnaires (systematized by wordle, a tool available on the internet) and proposed activities in the classroom with entrant and senior students. A focus group was also conducted with senior students to discuss how they evaluate the changes occurring in their knowledge, especially regarding how they (re)construct the meanings that contribute to Antiquity as being a historical period and how they associate it to the discussions involving the meaning of History Teaching. To support the reflections that were developed in this study, it was necessary to establish a dialog with authors such as Maurice Tardif, with regard to the issue of teacher knowledge; Walter Benjamin, about the multiple possibilities of articulation between the temporal dimensions of the present, past and future; François Hartog, Jacques Revel and Fernando Catroga, on the concept of political uses of the past; and Reinhard Koselleck, about the modern concept of history. In the analysis of the students' discourse regarding the sense of antiquity, it was essential to include concepts of Mikhail Bakhtin.