Do controle disciplinar à vigilância digital: o reconhecimento facial e a reprodução do racismo no sistema penal brasileiro

Abstract

This study aims to investigate how surveillance in the penal system is updated through the use of security cameras employing artificial intelligence systems and how racism is also reproduced in an algorithmic form. The current scenario reveals a transition from traditional disciplinary models to an omnipresent surveillance culture sustained by the datafication of social behaviors, which is integrated into a Brazilian penal system historically structured by racial selectivity and the myth of racial democracy. The methodology employed consisted of a bibliographic review based on theoretical productions dealing with dataveillance and algorithmic racism, in addition to conducting studies of concrete cases involving wrongful arrests resulting from failures in facial recognition technologies. The results demonstrate that facial recognition acts as an instrument of technological labeling that automates penal selectivity against Black youth, highlighting the need to establish strict evidentiary standards and algorithmic transparency to ensure the protection of fundamental rights in the digital age.