Contextos de adversidade e problemas comportamentais em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors, often associated with difficulties in executive functioning, social cognition, and behavioral problems. Evidence suggests that these outcomes may be exacerbated by Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), particularly in contexts of social vulnerability. This study investigated the relationship between ACEs, social vulnerability, and behavioral problems in children with ASD living in Brazilian urban centers. Initially, a literature review was conducted to examine the interplay among these factors. Subsequently, an empirical study was carried out with 38 caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD, all women, aged between 25 and 65 years (M = 43.11; SD = 8.63), from the cities of Juiz de Fora and Florianópolis. Participants completed the Brazilian Family Vulnerability Scale (EVFAM-BR), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results indicated that higher levels of family vulnerability and greater healthcare needs were significantly associated with increased total and externalizing behavioral problems in children with ASD, whereas maternal education and family income were not significantly associated with behavioral outcomes. These findings suggest that increased demands for specialized care exert a greater influence on behavioral problems than traditionally emphasized socioeconomic indicators, underscoring the need for public policies aimed at mitigating the effects of adverse contexts on the development of neurodivergent children.