Caracterização fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de Cecropia pachystachya Trecúl (URTICACEAE)

Abstract

The species Cecropia pachystachya Trecúl belongs to the genus Cecropia Loefl, known as embaúba in Brazil and presents a wide distribution, extending from the south to the north of the country. The species is popularly used as antitussive, antiasmatic, diuretic, hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory and cardiotonic. In the present work C. pachystachya will be evaluated in relation to its antioxidant and antiglicant potential, since the accumulation of reactive species (ER) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with skin aging, chronic and neurodegenerative diseases. High ER concentrations cause oxidative stress. AGEs are responsible for forming bonds between reducing sugars or derivatives and proteins, amino acids or lipids, generating molecules that are capable of irreversibly modifying the most diverse biological structures. In addition, the present study aimed to identify the main constituents of the hydroethanolic extract (EBHE) of the leaves C. pachystachya. Thus, the EBHE was partitioned to obtain hexane partition (PHEX), ethyl acetate partition (PACT), hydromethanolic partition (PHM) and two precipitates (ppt1HM and ppt2ACT). The chemical profile of the samples was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorption detector (performed, as well as the antioxidant activity measured by different methodologies: sequestration of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical, reduction of molybdenum, discoloration by the β-carotene / linoleic acid system, reduction of iron and inhibition of nitric oxide production. The antiglicant potential was evaluated by the glycation test with BSA fructose and glucose sugars. Finally, cell viability was evaluated against HaCat and L929 cell lines. Regarding the results, it was verified the presence of phenolic substances by HPLC-UV, with the exception of PHEX. Chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, cinchona, isorientin, orientin, rutin, vitexin / isovitexin and procinidines (B2, B3 and B5) were found in the extract. By column chromatography Sephadex LH-20 PACTO obtained 12 fractions (F1 to F12), later by HPLC-UV-DAD semi preparative for the phases were isolated from fractions F6 and F7, possibly isoorientin and orientin. With the exception of PHEX, the samples demonstrate a significant antioxidant and antiglanding potential, similarly between them. The activities can be correlated to the phenolic constituents present in the species. EBHE showed no cytotoxicity against L929 and HaCat cell lines.