Adaptação transcultural e avaliação psicométrica da versão brasileira do questionário Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire for Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus, which can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Oral health-related quality of life is a multidimensional concept encompassing biopsychosocial aspects. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire for Chronic Periodontitis (OHIP-CP) into Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate its psychometric properties in Brazilian adults diagnosed with periodontitis. Following authorization from the original authors, a standardized cross-cultural adaptation process was conducted, comprising: two independent forward translations from English into Brazilian Portuguese, synthesis, two back-translations, an expert committee review, pre-testing, and the administration of the final version to the target population. The factorial structure of the Brazilian Portuguese version was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in an independent sample of patients. Goodness-of-fit was assessed using the chi-square test (χ²), the chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio (χ²/df), and fit indices including the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Reliability was determined via internal consistency using McDonald's omega (ω) and Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficients. The instrument was administered to 93 individuals with periodontitis. The initial analysis, which tested the original 18-item, three-factor structure, did not indicate a good fit, primarily because item 4 exhibited a poor factor loading (λ = 0.186). Following model refinement—which involved removing item 4 and incorporating a residual covariance—the factorial structure demonstrated an acceptable fit (χ²/df = 1.24, CFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.051, and SRMR = 0.088). All remaining items exhibited satisfactory factor loadings (λ ≥ 0.30). The Brazilian version of the OHIP-CP demonstrated adequate validity, reliability, and structural properties, making it a valuable tool for assessing the impact of periodontitis on oral health-related quality of life.