Processo licitatório de obras públicas sob a ótica da engenharia civil: análise das falhas, do planejamento e da atuação técnica do engenheiro à luz da lei nº 14.133/2021

Abstract

Public works play an essential role in meeting collective needs and improving urban infrastructure, requiring the Public Administration to adopt efficient, transparent, and technically well-structured procurement processes. In this context, the bidding process is a fundamental instrument for selecting the most advantageous proposal and ensuring the proper use of public resources, especially after the enactment of Law No. 14,133/2021, which reinforced the importance of planning, risk management, and governance in public procurement. This study aims to analyze the bidding process for public works from the perspective of the Public Administration, identifying its stages, main failures, and impacts on the performance of works, as well as the importance of the civil engineer’s role in the efficient conduct of these contracts. The methodology adopted is characterized as bibliographic, documentary, and descriptive, with a qualitative approach, based on academic studies, current legislation, technical documents, cost reference systems, and the author’s professional experience in activities related to Public Administration and procurement processes. The analysis showed that many failures in public works originate in the initial stages of the bidding process, especially in the definition of needs, project development, budget preparation, selection of cost compositions, and structuring of the bidding notice. It was also found that civil engineers play a strategic role in identifying technical solutions, analyzing projects and budgets, verifying feasibility, preventing overpricing, supervising works, measuring services, and controlling contracts. It is concluded that the technical, critical, and ethical performance of this professional contributes to reducing failures, avoiding waste, improving the quality of public works, and ensuring that public procurement effectively meets social interests.