Compostos de discurso direto no português do Brasil

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation is to identify, describe and analyze Direct Speech compounds (DSC) in Brazilian Portuguese. This construction is characterized by prototypically presenting a head noun and a fictive interaction modifier in a form of a direct speech. Nominal compounds like “A turma do eu me acho"; “A postura do eu concordo, mas não sei como fazer” e “maquiagem nasci linda” are examples of this construction. As theoretical framework we based our research on Cognitive Linguistics (Langacker, 2008; Talmy 2000; FAUCONNIER and TURNER 2002; Lakoff and Johnson 1980 1999) and Pascual’s Fictive Interaction and Direct Speech Compounds studies (2002, 2006, 2014) Methodologically, we used a qualitative approach in the internet research and a mixed approach, in the C-Oral (RASO e MELLO, 2012) research. The internet research aimed to study the manifestation of DSC and its discursive environment in different oral and written discursive genres. The C-Oral research aimed mainly to quantify DSC tokens and its discursive environment in spontaneous speech. In this second part, we used an online corpora searcher-Corpuseye- in order to make an initial search for DSC in C-Oral Brazil corpus. After this procedure, we listened and we read all C-Oral corpus. In both stages of the research on internet and on the corpus, our search was based on 92 head nouns, 50 of them suggested by Pascual (2014) and 42 by the linguist of this dissertation as commonly modified by direct speech. The data analysis revealed four types of DSC patterns: (I) N(P) + DIRECT SPEECH MODIFIER (II) N (P) + PREPOSITION "DE" + DIRECT SPEECH MODIFIER, (III), N (P ) + (PREPOSITION “DE’’) + HEDGE (TIPO) ASSIM + DIRECT SPEECH and (IV) NOUN + DIRECT SPEECH MORPHEME (in the same word). We found 44 DSC occurrences on the internet search and 1 throughout C-Oral corpus. The most productive patterns were II, I III, IV, in this order. We claim that a DSC is understood not in a compositional way, though each of its parts has a metonymic potential and different conceptual complexity. In this sense, the DSC modifier works as a trajector rather than landmark, that is, the opposite of NP + common modifier compounds. Direct speech modifier usually acts as an adjective and syntactically as an adnominal, regardless of its size. In general, the use of DSC is a way to express a conceptual content not available in the lexicon in the form of an adjective. The use of DSC has discursive effects such as synthesis, humor, generalization and social criticism. The fact of using a direct speech as a nominal modifier also reinforces the hypothesis that the lexicon is not static, and that grammar is shaped by the use, in this case, the ability of human beings to draw of their daily interactions innovative ways to use a language