A suprema questão da Freiheitsschrift: a crítica de Schelling às tentativas de teodiceia

Abstract

Theodicy is the concept used in modernt philosophy to describe a defense or justification of divine perfection before the problem of evil. The objective of this work is to show that the book of Schelling of 1809, the Freiheitsschrift, dispenses the preparation of a theodicy while offering a system of the reason in which the problem of the evil is properly understood inside the sphere of the human freedom. This achievement allows Schelling demonstrate the divine attributes of life and personality, while pointing to the absence of relationship between God and evil. This emptiness between the creator and evil is possible, firstly, through the conception of creation as an unfolding of the divine being and, secondly, through the possibility of evil founded exclusively on human freedom. The result of this emptiness is the dispensability of the subsequent defense of God before the problem of evil.