Prevalência de cárie precoce e fatores associados em uma coorte de nascidos vivos de 2006, de áreas cobertas pela estratégia de saúde da família no município de Rondonópolis-MT

Abstract

Early Childhood Carie (ECC) is a disease of high prevalence, and appears since as white spots until evident cavitated lesions, which may be associated to pain and infection, and sometimes evaluating to complete coronary destruction. Many factors are associated to its occurrence, and constitute a serious public health problem with physical, social and psychological consequences. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of Early Childhood Carie and the factors associated in a cohort of live birth children in 2006, assisted by de family health strategy, in the city of Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In a transversal study, gathering 247 preschool children, with an average of 36 months of age, oral examination were made in order to verify the prevalence of Early Childhood Carie (ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DE SAÚDE, 1999), enamel defects (FÉDÉRATION DENTAIRE INTERNATIONALE, 1992), and visible bacterial plaque (RIBEIRO; OLIVEIRA; ROSENBLAT, 2005). Questionnaires were applied onto the parents obtained information about the characteristics associated with the disease as breastfeeding practices, diet, hygiene, fluoride utilization, socioeconomic data, and access to health services. Brute and adjusted prevalent reasons were estimated by Poisson regression, having as reference a theoretical model of determination. The data were processed and analyzed using the software STATA, and the interval confidence was 5%. The prevalence of Early Childhood Carie was 32,4% and the dmft index 0,79 ( sd = 1,62), being that the decayed component "d" represented 94%, missed “m” with 1%, and the filled component “f” with 5% of the index. The multivariate logistic regression analyze (p≤ 0,05) showed that the characteristics associated with carie in preschool children were presence of enamel defects PRadjusted (IC95%) = 3,90 (1,69 – 8,95), breastfeeding or bottle-feeding while sleeping PRadjusted (IC95%) = 1,93 (1,04 – 3,58) and presence of visible bacterial plaque PRadjusted (IC95%) = 4,25 (2,27 – 7,96). Taking as reference that the World Health Organization goal for 2010 in the caries prevalence at 5 years is 90%, the prevalence of the desease seen in preschool children living in Rondonópolis is high, and the low occurrence of the “filled” component in the dmf-t index (5%) suggests the need of intensification of curative actions due to the existence of active disease. This information call attention to the need of public polices attempt to this population with emphasis in actions towards education, prevention and health promotion, and allow the identification of children with high risk of developing the disease.