Influência da hiperglicemia na gravidade da periodontite crônica e nos níveis séricos de interleucina-10 em indivíduos portadores de síndrome metabólica

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is caracterized by a group of disorders that predisposes to cardiovascular diseases and to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and a chronic proinflammatory state are the main components of this syndrome. A bidirectional correlation between MS and periodontitis has been suggested, from the chronic proinflammatory state. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hyperglycemia on the development of chronic periodontitis and serum levels of interleukin-10 in individuals with MS. 30 individuals divided into three groups: NSM (non-MS patients, n = 10); SMNG (normoglycemic patients with MS, n = 10) and SMHG (hyperglycemic patients with MS, n = 10). The periodontal status (pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and number of missing teeth) and metabolic status (anthropometric and laboratory tests: fasting glucose (FG), oral test of impaired glucose tolerance (OGTT), HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TG)) were evaluated in each individual. The results show that SMHG group subjects present higher percentage of sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm, CAL ≥ 5 mm, PD ≥ 3 mm, IP, SS and missing teeth than subjetcs in SMNG group, this difference however, was not statistically significant. In group SMHG, subjects with T2DM (n = 5) showed greater percentage of sites with CAL ≥ 5 mm than pre-diabetic subjects (p = 0.016). The percentage of sites with CAL ≥ 5 mm was positively correlated with levels of fasting blood glucose. Individuals with MS showed serum levels of interleukin-10 increased and differed significantly from the NMS group (p = 0.003). The present study suggests that hyperglycemia influences the severity of chronic periodontitis and that increased levels of interleukin-10 are related to the SM, independently on the glycemic status.