O frame aula: uma análise sociocognitiva do discurso docente

Abstract

This dissertation integrates the matrix-project “Orality, citizenship and their practices” (MIRANDA, 2007 - CNPq and FAPEMIG), which has as central discussion focus on the orality practices crisis in public instances of Brazilian society and its reflex in the classroom, and also aims a rethinking of the linguistic education in its equation with the education of ethic and moral values. This paper is a case study and has as investigative purpose to comprehend how teachers conceptualize the Class frame, which practices are most commonly used in this scene and what is the perspective of an ideal class. Our investigative corpus, built from an instrument – a semi-open questionnaire – is composed by discourses of 42 teachers from the 6th to the 9th year of elementary school, of the municipal public education system of Juiz de Fora – MG, spread over 21 urban schools. The methodology used for the operationalization of data integrates quantitative and qualitative procedures. Computational tools from the Corpus Linguistics (WordSmith Tools Programme) were used to emerge frequency models. The central analytic contribution bases on Cognitive Linguistics assumptions, specially the conceptualization and categorization processes (LAKOFF and JOHNSON, 1999; LAKOFF, 1987; FAUCONNIER and TURNER, 2002; CROFT, W. and CRUSE, 2004; SALOMÃO, 1999, 2006; MIRANDA, 2002) and the frames semantics (FILLMORE, 1977, 1979, 1982), with highlight on the lexicographic project FrameNet (www.framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu). The Evolutionist Anthropology studies (TOMASELLO, 2003) and the Cognitive Psychology (CLARK, 1996) about the cultural and interactive character of human cognition and language add up to this theoretical contribution, also enriched by the critical perspective of Applied Linguistics that is committed with an ethic agenda (LOPES, 2006; RAJAGOPALAN, 2003; MIRANDA, 2005, 2006, 2008) and by the studies from ARAÚJO (2002, 2009) about ethics, scholar democracy and communitarian education. As analytical conclusions rear two perspectives about the Class frame – class as EXCHANGES practice and class as TRANSFERENCE practice. From these projections emerge two conceptual metaphors: CLASS IS EXCHANGE and CLASS IS TRANSFERENCE. The class as EXCHANGE is a majority perspective in the corpus. The class is defined as a conjunct-action between the teacher and the students together with a sociointeractionist conception of education. Teachers recognize themselves in the Class frame as the Exchangers 1, i.e. as the protagonists of the scene that detain the exchange object, this last being matter or experience. In this sense, they reassure their asymmetric relation with the student. The teachers' actions described by themselves propose the interface with the reality of the students. Whereas half of the described student actions neglect the scholar frame. The responsibility for the the ideal class, according to the teachers, is primarily held by teachers and finally by Family and the State. The almost absence of family in this scene and, on the other hand, the broad protagonism of of the teacher are, undoubtedly, attention-worthy data. Thus, the search for interventional actions that rescue moral and ethic values of society, equating them to a hybrid linguistic education, compose an urgent goal.