Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio durante a hemodiálise em pacientes com doença renal crônica

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension and cardiovascular complications are highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients, and are associated with the reduction of functional capacity and quality of life and sedentarism. Some authors have demonstrated the benefits of exercise training for hemodialysis patients. Objective: Evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training during hemodialysis on functional capacity, blood pressure control and quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients. Patients and methods: Fourteen patients (10 women and 4 men), with a mean age of 47.57 ± 12.79 years, receiving hemodialysis therapy for 93.71 ± 43.9 months were evaluated. The patients were evaluated at the beginning of the study, after three months of stretching exercises (phase I) and at the end of three months of aerobic exercise training (phase II). Aerobic exercise training was supervised and performed in the first two hours of hemodialysis, composed of a warm-up (15 minutes), a conditioning (30 minutes) and cool-down (15 minutes). For analysis of the functional capacity, blood pressure and quality of life, the patients underwent respectively sixminute walking test, 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. For statistical analysis were used t test and Wilcoxon test (p <0.05). Results: After the stretching period, we observed an increased slightly in the sixminute walking test distance from 504.57 ± 99.09m to 508.71 ± 91.87m, a reduction in systolic blood pressure from 155.36 ± 22.12mmHg to 150.57 ± 18.43mmHg, a reduction in diastolic blood pressure from 96.36 ± 12.73mmHg to 94.64 ± 10.5mmHg and an increased in seven of the eight dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire. After three months of aerobic exercise training, we observed an increase in the six-minute walking test distance from 508.71 ± 91.87m to 554.93 ± 105.83m (p <0.05), a reduction in systolic blood pressure from 150.57 ± 18.43mmHg to 143.5 ± 14.7mmHg (p <0.05) and reduction in diastolic blood pressure from 94.64 ± 10.5mmHg to 91.43 ± 9.65mmHg (p <0.05). Similarly, at the end of the exercise training period, we observed a significant increase in the physical functioning, social functioning and mental health dimensions of the SF-36. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training during hemodialysis increased functional capacity, reduced blood pressure levels and improved quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease.