A alternância entre o pretérito imperfeito e futuro do pretérito na expressão da hipótese

Abstract

This project has the of analyzing the alternance between the uses of Past Imperfect tense and Future of Past tense in written texts, in a corpus formed by two parts: the first one with excerpts of correspondences between Portuguese Crown and authorities from the Crown in Brazil during the century XVIII; the second one with redactions produced by sixty grade of fundamental education students and by second grade of high school students from Academia do Comércio school and João XXIII School during the first semester of 2006. On a second moment of the research, we applied the proposition with redactions of students from the second and the eighth periods of Letters Course from Juiz de Fora Federal University. At last, we selected some streches of production of the different grades analysed and we monted a specie of questionnaire that was applied to Portuguese Teachers. These professionals would indicate which corrections they would do on this streches, but we did not indicate what was the focus of the research for not to influence then this questionnaire intended to verify what have been the tendency of school comportment in relation to the studied phenomenon. The analyse of the obtained material will be realized based on theoric presupposed of Varicionist Socilinguistic, and will be focalized the processes of expression of hypothesis through the mentioned verbal tenses, considering factors like: sex, scholar level, students’ socio-economic situation and the production context. Prevails as in correspondences of century XVIII as in redactions produced in 2006; but there are signs of alternance between Past Imperfect tense and Future of Past tense to express hypothesis. Like that, although is not being the form licentieded by the model form of our language, is amply used in more informal contexts (especially in the orals), we are induced to think that this phenomenon, not as a competition between forms that one would prevail, a penetration of oral language on written expression, a trace of informality that, on the fluidity of textual production, pass to the written language, without damage on the transmitted information. The related change resides on the used modality. This, while the school continues to practice your responsibility of trans mite of model language. But we believe that the fact of we have found already the oscilation between this uses in form written tests in an indicative of tendency to change – with the prevalency of the use of Past Imperfect tense to express the unreality - , if the value aggregated to Future of Past tense let to be disseminated by regulator vehicles of model language. Because, as we observed, the related use is still be seen as inappropriate by the majority of teachers who answered the research, what let us to believe this attitude is what maintains – and will maintain while the school continues to practice its function of transmit the modal language– the frequent use of Future of Past tense in that context, delaying (or, at least, retarding) the progress of the use of the first form on the related position. The use of the second form, that we perceive that is frequent on written language too, is a strong indicative of tendency to change.