O processo de envelhecimento para pesssoas idosas: estudo de representações sociais e crenças de Rokeach

Abstract

Qualitative design study which aims to analyze the social representations and the Rokeach belief system to the aging process for people aged ≥65 years in the nursing care perspective. Based on the Theory of Social Representations in the structural and procedural approach for inducing words "person is elderly" and "be aged person" and Rokeach belief system to conceptions of the aging process. Were theoretical frameworks: policy (inter) national of the aging process, Brazilian law theories to the process of human aging; Rokeach system of beliefs; Social Representations Theory and Theory of Transcultural Care of Madeleine Leininger. Participated in this investigation 93 subjects of both genders, all levels of schooling and declared marital status, living in the catchment area of a health unit coverage by the PAC, which had age ≥65 years, who agreed to participate as unpaid volunteers, expressing their consent by signing the Informed Consent (IC) post-informed. NVivo and Evoc programs subsidized processing of data. Met all legal and ethical requirements for research involving humans. Were elements common to the two central nuclei of representations of person is elderly and aged person is the cognemas: evaluation be old, evaluation of life and age arrives, the contents obtained in the structural and procedural approaches allowed anchoring of identification in the popular and scientific knowledge. We identified 1,826 beliefs, and 696 central and peripheral 1006, which caused the axis of centrality / peripherality tended to remoteness. The analysis of the central axis of the centrality / peripherality second Rokeach content with the core components of structural and procedural approach of TRS possible to identify approaches for some content ("can not do it" and "can not bear to do things"; the "value the elderly and evaluation of the person is elderly "with" assessment be old age arrives, "" life learning "to" experience "and," professional care "with" needs caregiver and care "). The similarity between them, obtained from different methods, enabled the identification of: beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, values, information, knowledge and attitudes of the subjects investigated about the aging process, which are key components to the structuring of nursing care. Rereading the results in light of Transcultural Theory of Leininger provided to this investigation mortar able to gather the applicability of Rokeach belief system, the RS in the structural and procedural approaches and public policies with a view to preparing reflections on the role of nurse in the process of nursing care planning for people in the aging process. This research brought as contribution a situational diagnosis aimed at people aged ≥65 years living in a health area covered by the CAP and have vulnerabilities (sociocultural and sociorrelacionais) and reflect on different ways of understanding the responses of individuals from the theoretical frameworks, methodological, philosophical, social and political socially constituted groups for people as they age are active and that it be given in line with the wider definition of health.