Cuidado à mulher em situação de violência: demandas e expectativas das usuárias da atenção primária à saúde

Abstract

Qualitative and descriptive research in which the object of study consists on the demands and expectations of women in situations of violence assisted in Primary Health Care. The research objectives are: to analyze the demands and expectations of women in situations of violence assisted in Primary Health in nursing care perspective; describe the experienced situations of violence; characterize the impact of violence on women's health; identify the needs of women in situations of violence related to APS unit assistance and describe women's expectations in situations of violence related to APS nurse assistance. The research scenario took place in a health care facility of a small city in Minas Gerais where adopts the Family Health Strategy as a care model. The participants were 18 users who experienced and/or experience violence, aged 20-59 years, age group of 34 years. Data collection by interviews from a semi-structured script and all recorded through digital media. All requirements from the Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council were met. The thematic content analysis from a gender perspective showed three categories: The experience of violence and the impact on women's lives; Non-recognition of the primary health unit as a service from the network for women assistance in situations of violence; Expectations about the performance of APS and nurse. The results showed permeated situations of suffering caused by physical, psychological and sexual violence, being predominant the psychological part. The interviewees do not recognize the health facility as a help desk in experienced violent situations and make no association between nursing work process and assistance to women in situations of violence. These people present expectations on how the service and nurse could help them, demonstrating a desire to be accepted, heard and verbalize their suffering as well as how to receive psychological support. They highlighted the importance of health education in the unit addressing violence and the need for technical and vocational guidance on existing resources and services they could turn to. The same occurred on desires regarding nursing care in which they expect sensitivity, warmth, humanization and guidance. The research showed the distance of health practices from the social context view and women ways of living. It also revealed the need for installment and operation of a local women care network in situations of violence, and reiterated that being gender the aggravating element in women's illnesses, the APS services and professional health practices need on an emergency basis analyze and consider this category for women health care. In addition, it demonstrated the need of rescuing the essential characteristics of nursing care and the adoption of a differentiated approach, sensitive and gender so that the women health care is integral.