Uso da organocatálise na preparação de peptídeos funcionalizados

Abstract

Organocatalysis is an area that has been highlighting year after year and consists a process in which organic molecules of low molecular weight are able to catalyze organic reactions without the presence of metal. Their approach has advantages such as: low cost, low toxicity and less sensitivity of the organocatalysts at the presence of oxygen and moisture, in addition to milder reaction conditions, occurring in many cases at room temperature. The present work deals with the functionalization of dipeptides using an organocatalytic approach through the use of a Brønsted acid, camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), and alcohols and amines as nucleophiles. In recent years, peptides have emerged as molecules of general interest due to their great biological power among other functions. The dipeptides are synthesized using azlactones as an intermediate. Azlactones are heterocycles derived from protected amino acids and were prepared in two steps: an N-acylation of amino acids with benzoyl chloride in alkaline solution, leading to N-benzoyl amino acids in up to 81% yield and subsequently, mediated an intramolecular cyclization reaction by a carboxylic acid activator, EDC, leading to the desired compounds in yields ranging from 90 to 97%. The dipeptides were then prepared from the opening of the azlactones by amino acids and gave rise, after a new cyclization reaction by EDC, to more complex azalactone rings. Finally, these more complex heterocycles were subjected to optimized conditions for the functionalization of the dipeptides: CSA 10 mol% as catalyst, dichloromethane as solvent, magnetic stirring, molecular sieve, inert atmosphere and 4 equivalents of nucleophile. The scope was evaluated for different azlactones and different nucleophiles, obtaining good yields, ranging from 61 to 91%. The products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, DEPT135, COSY, HMBC, IR and HRMS.