A pedagogia da variação linguística na escola

Abstract

Understand the concept of standard, as well as the distinction between standard rule, grammar rule and educational standard can help us undo some misconceptions committed long in teaching Portuguese about "right " and "wrong " in language and facilitate the work with the pedagogy of language variation in school . The present study is , then, a brief history of the construction of the concept of grammar, showing how and why , along the western culture, we constructed the ideology of the standard connected to the " best " in language. However , when we start from the sociolinguistic conception that language is heterogeneous , multiple and variable , a collective work undertaken by all the speakers in the various processes of interaction , we believe that the phenomenon of variation is intrinsic to the language process. It was the linguist Eugenio Coseriu in the early 1950s , which considered as a standard set of linguistic phenomena which are common , unexceptional in a determined community .Thus, we conclude that there is no single standard. As highlighted Faraco (2008 ) , all language has a structural organization. However the school often continues to teach an artificial language , condemning most current uses , without considering the facts of ordinary language . Therefore, it is necessary a sociolinguistic reeducation passing not only by students , but first and mainly, by the teacher himself, since he/she cannot share the same prejudiced and archaic concepts that circulate in common sense . From the dialogical conception of language ( BAKTIN , 2006) and the model of the description and interpretation of the linguistic phenomenon in the social context of urban communities of great impact in contemporary linguistics ( Labov , 1974) model , I developed an action research with students from 7th grade of a private school in the Brazilian city of Juiz de Fora ( MG ) , users of the prestigious urban varieties of Portuguese. A contrastive analysis of structures of different dialects present in the rural-urban continuous as well as the continuous of the stylistic monitoring literacy orality (Bortoni-RICARDO, 2004) has made it possible to understand this complex phenomenon, natural in all languages. Imposing a standard norm fossilized through memorization of grammar rules, is a way to undo the culture of the students, in addition to devalue his speech, treating him/her as incapable. In fact, what is necessary is that the school develop a pedagogy of languistic variation sensible to sociolinguistic and cultural differences of students, but it requires understanding and radical change in the attitude of teachers, students and society in general.