Atividade física e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: reflexões acerca do modelo teórico baseado em ambientes sustentáveis

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) has been associated as a protective factor for health in reducing chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The evolution of theory discussions on the epidemiology of PA has shown the complexity of this phenomenon that, beyond individual explanations as age, sex, education, it was also explained by environmental issues that involve exposure and the relationship of the individuals with natural or constructed environments. This research aimed to study the prevalence of PA in civil servants, that bring individual and environmental point of view, the most favorable conditions. It analyzed the prevalence of PA and its association with sociodemographic factors, frequency, modalities and reasons for physical exercise; perception of obstacles and opportunities to practice in the use of sustainable urban space UFJF; and association of NCDs with PA levels and others behaviors by checking how the inclusion of other factors affected the association of PA levels with the presence of some NCDs. Cross-sectional study, a random sample, 95% CI and sample error of 5% (280, n = 2375). The instruments used were IPAQ (International physical activity questionnaire) short version, VIGITEL (Surveillance System through telephone), sociodemographic questionnaire, all of them in face to face interview. Systematic observation of built space has been realized. Data analysis used the SPSS-14 program, with descriptive analysis of data for frequencies and chi-square test to test possible associations. Binomial logistics regression was used to analyze how other factors could potentiate the effects of PA in the presence of some disease and it was used parameters analysis of the models, considering the Hosmer and Lemshow's criteria. The results showed, in general, what levels of PA and sociodemographic characteristics are similar to those found in other population studies and also they weren't most favored neither by constant exposure to sustainable urban space, neither the regular activities offered or the individual conditions also favorable. Obstacles to the practice of PA were significantly associated with PA levels, and the lack of time was significantly associated for individuals with higher levels of education (p = 0.004) and professors (p = 0.010). 29% of regular exercise practitioners do not reach recommended levels. The first and greatest reason for pratice physical exercise is health (88.8% for those who practice regular physical exercise). The PA, regardless of other factors, decreases the chances of individuals are in the NCDs group by 62.5% to enough PA and 49.7% for insufficient AF. The adoption of eating behaviors and health care in conducting check up enhanced by 22.9% the effects of AF the sufficient level and 33.4% at insufficient levels. The proportion of subjects with some NCDs was higher among those with habits considered protective, suggesting these are adopted by individuals as a therapeutic way. Integrated actions, under monitoring and guidance, are extremely important in prevention and they enhance the chance of increase the effects of PA in combination with the presence of some disease.