Prevalência da doença renal crônica nos estágios 3, 4 e 5, em segmento da população adulta submetida a exames laboratoriais por causas diversas em laboratório da rede particular do município de Juiz de Fora , MG, nos anos de 2004 e 2005

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a problem of public health worldwide. Studies of prevalence of the disease are important to measure the disease burden on a population and are extremely valuable to determine public health policies. In Brazil, the date on the epidemiology of CKD are scarce, and those available are not in accordance with the guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology. In the present study we aimed to establish the prevalence of CKD in the adult population of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, in the years of 2004 and 2005, using a laboratory database available in a private laboratory, analyze the frequency of detection of the disease among the medical specialties, and determine whether uric acid is risk factor for the development of the disease. A transversal study was done to recognize the prevalence of CKD, which was followed by a non concurrent longitudinal design to determine the association between hyperuricemia and CKD. Glomerular filtration rate was determined from the serum creatinine by the MDRD formula, and the disease was diagnosed and staged as recommended by the KDOQI of National Kidney Foundation and the Brazilian Society of Nephrology. The prevalence of CKD stage 3, 4 and 5 as a whole was 9.6%, being 12.2%, 5.8%, 25.2% and 3.7% among women, men, people >60 and 60 years, respectively. Compared to people with normouricemia, those with hyperuricemia had a two fold risk for developing CKD. Regarding to the medical specialties, we found that the majority of patients with CKD the creatinine was ordered by cardiologists. In conclusion: Our results present an alternative operational strategy to identify cases of CKD, confirms that cardiologists have the highest potenciality to identify the disease, and offer subsidies for studies of related factors.