Integração de filtro ativo de potência monofásico e bifásico ao sistema de propulsão de um veículo elétrico

Abstract

The gradual replacement of the current internal combustion engine vehicles by elec-tric vehicles (EVs) comes up as being an important factor to the improvement of urban centers environmental conditions, since it enables reduction on the emissions of atmo-spheric pollutants harmful to human health. Additional tasks, apart from traction, can be performed by battery and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain on-board power electronic converters. It is possible to integrate functions such as battery charge, electric distributed power generation and reactive power compensation with few modifications on the EV electronics circuitry. This kind of application is especially interesting under the context of smart grids. The integration of these additional functions to an electric vehicle is a very desirable feature, since it can result on cost reduction (in comparison to the separated implementation of the integrated functions) and revenue to the owner of the vehicle by providing ancillary services to the electric power system. This work proposes the application of electric vehicles on the compensation of cur-rent harmonic components and reactive power in residential and commercial electricity networks by means of the integration of a shunt active power filter (APF) into their powertrain electronics circuitry, which can simultaneously operate with the EV bat-tery pack charging or during its use as an electric distributed power generator unit (vehicle-to-grid, V2G, operation mode). Since the EV grid connection standard cur-rently adopted by electric automobiles manufacturers is based on a single-phase power supply system (with a possible two-phase power supply connection), this work focuses on the application of an electric vehicle in the compensation of single-phase and two-phase loads under residential and commercial electricity networks typical conditions, in order to meet the compliance to the requirements of such standard. The inclusion of this functionality to EVs can contribute on the reduction of vehicular electrification impact on the electric power system, since the decrease of reactive and harmonic power flow into the grid results in higher available capacity of active power flow in the power conductors, which allows to supply electricity to new electric loads (that can be the EVs themselves).