Pobreza e riqueza no Brasil: análise de classes do período 2002-2014

Abstract

Our thesis is that the unequal distribution of important assets affects the possibilities of life of millions of people. The problems related to the conceptualization and measurement of poverty and wealth continue to challenge the specialists, but some contributions have been made in recent years in order to characterize the phenomena and to explain the differentials found in the chances of being rich or the risks of being poor. Taking advantage of this trend, our work looks at the problem of poverty and the issues of wealth in Brazil, under a sociological perspective, assessing the results through relevant social divides, especially of social classes. We use data from the PNAD 2002-2014 to compare the evolution of the indicators of poverty and wealth in the country. Through logistic models was possible considering the level and trend of the probabilities of poverty and wealth as a result of the various categories of social groups. The definition of poverty is take from different concepts and operationalized in different spaces. For definition of the rich, we use the monthly income from all sources, with lines drawn for the 10%, 5% and 1% richer. Our results show the improvement of the situation of the population in relation to survival conditions and meeting the basic needs, while at the same time remain very vivid the distinctions of class and other divisions for more relativistic notions of poverty and also to the chances of wealth.